Argentina’s peso currency crashed on Monday while stocks and bonds fell by a degree not seen in 18 years as voters signaled they could reject market-friendly President Mauricio Macri at an election in October and return the country to interventionist economics.
The peso closed 15.27% weaker at 53.5 per U.S. dollar after plunging some 30% to a record low of 65 to a dollar earlier in the day after Macri suffered a heavy loss in a primary election.
Opposition candidate Alberto Fernandez – whose running mate is former president Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner – dominated the primary vote by a much wider-than-expected 15.5 percentage point margin over the president.
Fernandez has said he would seek to “rework” Argentina’s $57-billion standby agreement with the International Monetary Fund if he won October’s general election.
Argentina’s central bank intervened, selling $105 million in the foreign exchange market to defend the peso in the face of the massive sell-off. The auction used the bank’s own reserves for the first time since September of last year, traders said.
Macri Struggles
Macri, a scion of one of Argentina’s wealthiest families, came to power in 2015 on promises to kick-start Latin America’s third-largest economy via a liberalization wave.
But the promised recovery has not materialized and Argentina is in recession with inflation at over 55%.
An acute financial crisis last year hit the peso and forced Macri to take the IMF loan in return for pledging to balance Argentina’s deficit.
Sunday’s result indicated that Fernandez had enough support to clinch the presidency in October’s first round, without having to go to a November run-off election.
A candidate needs at least 45% of the vote, or 40% and a difference of 10 percentage points over the second-place runner, in order to win the presidency outright.
Argentina’s main political parties had already chosen their presidential nominees, allowing the primary to serve as a first concrete measure of voter sentiment.
The peso’s demise was dramatic but Win Thin, global head of currency strategy at Brown Brothers Harriman in New York said he does not expect an emerging markets-wide contagion.
“It’s a very small market,” Thin said. “Ever since Macri reopened the markets, took some market-friendly measures, there’s been a trickle of activity back in the peso and Argentine assets in general. Money has been trickling back in but it is still very minimal.”
Thin added that “beyond Brazil and maybe Uruguay, it’s going to have a very limited impact from an economic standpoint.”
Edward Glossop, Latin America economist for Capital Economics, predicted even higher inflation in a country that has fought against chronic rising prices for decades.
“We will probably see inflation rising, assuming the peso doesn’t recoup some of those loses,” he said.
“The key point there is that high inflation means the peso will need to continue to weaken to maintain its competitiveness,” Glossop added. He said it was “completely feasible” for the peso to drop to as low as 70 per U.S. dollar.
Pollsters were confounded as to how pre-primary estimates could have been off by more than 12 percentage points in some cases.
“Polls, including ours, were completely off-track. Such large errors were never seen in recent history,” wrote Brazilian bank BTG Pactual.
Fernandez said the market reactions were in response to Macri’s failures on the economy.
“Markets react badly when they realize they were scammed. We are living a fictitious economy and the government is not giving answers,” he said in a radio interview Monday morning.
Voters were given a stark choice to stay the course of painful austerity measures under Macri or return to economic policies that are heavy on state involvement.
Kirchner imposed strict currency controls that slammed investment during her 2007-2015 administration. She fought with the farm sector over export taxes and presided over a multi-year standoff with bondholders that kept Argentina locked out of the international capital markets.
“I would say they (bonds) are pricing in a much higher probability of a default,” said Aberdeen Standard EM portfolio manager Viktor Szabo.
Szabo did add however that they were still above the 40 cents level that would truly reflect a fully fledged default.
Fernandez prevailed on Sunday in the majority of the country’s provinces, but one of the starker differences was seen in the poor suburbs of Buenos Aires.
What particularly dented Macri’s support were newly impoverished Argentines who were more energized to vote to punish him at the polls, political analysts said.
Analysts predicted Sunday’s results could be the final nail in the coffin for Macri.
“Macri has already implemented a number of short term measures to try and shore up support ahead of the October vote.
Additional promises can be made, but the gap he needs to make up is a very wide one,” said Ilya Gofshteyn, senior emerging markets strategist at Standard Chartered Bank.
Right-wing Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro warned that his country could see a wave of migrants fleeing Argentina if Fernandez wins the presidential election.
Bolsonaro has cast himself as foe to the left-wing leaders around Latin America and celebrated his friendship with Macri.